What is carbon Steel (CS) :

Steel is basically a solution of carbon (C) in ferrous (FE). Carbon steel is the denomination for the steel that has almost no metallic alloy element added to it.

Carbon steel represents broad range of steel that contain

                               (a) 1% carbon (maxm)

                               (b) 1.65% manganese (maxm)

                               (C) 0.6% silicon (maxm)

Temperature range- it is used for temperature up to 425°c (800°f).

Types of carbon steel- generally there are 4 types of carbon steel

NAME	CARBON CONTENT	WELDABILITY
Low carbon steel	0.15 max	Excellent
Mild steel	0.15 to 0.30	Good
Medium carbon steel	0.30 to 0.50	Fair
High Carbon steel	0.50 to 1	Poor

For each types of carbon steel piping element common ASME material standard and dimensional standard are provided below.

Carbon Steel Pipes :

Commonly used CS pipes material standard:

Seamless pipes:

MATERIAL STANDARD	AVAILABLE IN
ASTM A 106 GR B	SEAMLESS
ASTM A 53 GR B	SEAMLESS & WELDED
API 5L GR B	SEAMLESS & WELDED

Welded pipes:

Welded pipes are commonly manufactured in two types.

Electric resistance welded pipe (ERW)

Here no material is added during welding. Heat for weld is generated by giving –ve and +ve charge to the ends or by creating a strong electric resistance. So it’s called electric resistance welded pipe.

MATERIAL STANDARD	DESCRIPTION
ASTM A 135	Electric resistance welded pipe
IS 1239	ERW pipe up to 6″
IS3589	ERW pipe above 6″

Electric Fusion welded pipe (EFW)

Here filler material is added during welding. Advanced weld process are used to accomplish the job.

MATERIAL STANDARD	DESCRIPTION
ASTM A 134	Electric fusion welded steel plate pipe
ASTM A 139	Electric fusion welded steel plate pipe>4″NB

Wrought fittings :

Factory made Butt welded Elbow, tees, cap, Reducer etc. comes into this category.

MATERIAL STANDARD	DIMENSIONAL STANDARD
ASTM A 234 GR WPB/WPC	ANSI/ASME B 16.9

Forged Fittings :

Forges fittings like Flanges, sockolet, weldolet, Half Coupling, Forged valves comes into this category. For all of these forged fittings the material standard is one where as the dimensional standards varies

MATERAIL STANDARD
ASTM A 105

(a). Flanges

DIMENSIONAL STANDARD
ANSI/ASME B 16.5 (for flanges ≤ 24″)
ANSI/ASME B 16.47 (for flanges ≥24″)

(b). Socket weld and screwed weld fittings:

Four pressure class are available for these type of fittings

PRESSURE CLASS	APPLICABLE TO SCREWED FITTINGS	APPLICABLE PIPE SCHEDULE	APPLICABLE TO SOCKET WELD FITTINGS	APPLICABLE PIPE SCHEDULE
2000#	YES	SCH 80/XS	NA	NA
3000#	YES	SCH 160	YES	SCH 80/XS
6000#	YES	SCH XXS	YES	SCH 160
9000#	NA	NA	YES	SCH XXS

DIMENSIONAL STANDARD
ANSI/ASME B 16.11

(c). Weldolet/Sockolet

DIMENSIONAL STANDARD
MSS SP 97

Cast Fittings :

Casted fittings like valves come into this category.

PRESSURE TEMP. RATING LIMITATION STANDARD	ANSI/ ASME B16.34
DIMENSIONAL STANDARD	ANSI/ ASME B16.10 ( for face to face dimension of flanged and bw end valves)
MATERIAL STANDARD	ASTM A 216 GR WCB